The Ostrich

 The ostrich (common ostrich) is a flightless bird and mostly found in Africa. Ostriches can run at a speed of over 70 kilometers/hour making it the fastest bird on land. Ostrich is the largest of all birds and lays the largest eggs. This bird is famous for its feathers used for decorative purposes.

There are four living subspecies of ostrich, these are:

• North African ostrich
• South African ostrich
• Masai ostrich
• Somali ostrich

There was another species called the Arabian ostrich. It became extinct around 1966. The Arabian ostrich was found mostly in Western Asia.

South African Ostrich

Our wildlife guide to the ostrich presents all the details of these species. Let’s dive into the world of ostriches.

Ostrich: the largest and heaviest living bird.

Kingdom: | Animalia

Phylum: | Chordata

Class: | Aves

Somali ostrich

Order: | Struthioniformes

Family: | Struthiondae

Genus: | Struthio

Size and Weight:

The ostrich is the largest and heaviest living bird. Males are typically larger than females, weighing 220 to 287 pounds and measuring 6.9 to 9 feet in height. Meanwhile, females weigh 198 to 242 pounds and range in height from 5.7 to 6.2 feet.

Appearance:

Ostriches are the largest and heaviest birds in the world. Given their weight, they are flightless and cannot fly into the sky. Instead, ostriches are great runners and are able to reach speeds of up to 43 miles per hour. One stride can be 10 to 16 feet long. They have long, strong legs with two clawed toes, allowing them to reach these high speeds.

An ostrich has a long neck, prominent eyes and sweeping eyelashes. Ostriches have the largest eye of any land animal. An ostrich’s eye is nearly 2 inches across. Their long neck and excellent vision help them see great distances, allowing them to keep an eye out for predators.

Ostriches have unique feathers that are loose, soft, and smooth, giving them a “shaggy” look. Adult male ostriches are black with white wings and tail feathers, while immature birds and adult females have brownish-gray feathers.

Diet:

Ostriches are omnivores. Their diet varies depending on the food available in their habitat. They primarily eat plants, but also eat insects, snakes, lizards and rodents. They are able to consume things that other animals can’t digest because they have tough intestines to absorb as many nutrients as possible. Ostriches also swallow sand, pebbles, and small stones that help grind up food in the gizzard. Since they eat a lot of plants, ostriches do not need to drink water. However, they may drink water at a water hole.

Habitat:

Ostrich habitats include savannas and desert regions.

Geography:

Ostriches are native to Africa.

Breeding:

Ostrich courtship is ritualized and synchronized. A male used his black-and-white coloring to attract a female. He will sink to the ground like a bow and then wave and shake the feathers of first one wing and then the other while moving his tail up and down. After this movement, he gets up and moves toward the female, holding his wings out and stamping as he goes to impress her. If she approves, she mates with him.

The dominant hen mates with the territorial male, and they share the tasks of incubating the eggs and caring for the chicks. The territorial male is polygamous and may mate with other females. The other females may also mate with wandering males. The other females then lay their eggs in the same nest as the dominant hen’s eggs. The nest is a shallow depression scratched in the dirt by the male. The dominant hen makes sure her eggs are closest to the center, and therefore most likely to hatch successfully. A communal nest allows more eggs to successfully hatch overall for the flock. A female ostrich lays 7 to 10 eggs at a time. Ostrich eggs are the largest eggs, weighing about 3 pounds, measuring 6 inches in length and measuring 5 inches across. Only dinosaurs produced larger eggs.

The incubation period is about 42 to 46 days. When they hatch, the chicks are about the size of barnyard chickens, but they grow at a rate of 1 foot per month. Chicks will start to leave the nest with their parents a few days after hatching. By four months, they start to show their adult plumage and by six months, they are about the size of their parents. Ostriches reach sexual maturity around three or four years old, which is when males grow their black-and-white feathers.

Social Structure:

Ostriches live in groups, which helps with defense. They are typically found in flocks of about 10 birds or just a male and female pair but sometimes gather in large flocks of 100 or more. These groups have a pecking order with a dominant male, a dominant female called the “main hen” and several other females. The dominant male establishes and defends their territory. Lone males may also come and go during the breeding season.

Fun ostrich facts

Here is a list of “Top 10 Fun Ostrich Facts”. The facts about the fastest bird on the planet will definitely amaze you!

• An ostrich has just two toes on each foot, unlike other birds. Most birds have four toes.
• Ostriches have a special kind of pubic bones that are joined to hold their gut.
• They can only kick forward. That’s why while confronting a predator they turn around only when they can kick them in the face!
• They don’t hide their head in the sand. It’s a myth! They lay flat and from a distance, their heads seem like buried in the sand. But it’s not true. They just lay their head flat.
• They can hold 1,300 grams of the food. In this amount, 45% is only sand and pebbles. It means they store 585 grams of just sands and pebbles inside their gizzards!
• Females mature about six months earlier than male ostriches.
• Ostriches maintain privacy while mating just like us!
• Both male and female ostriches perform a series of rituals before finally mating. (Alas! Not like us)
• Ostriches can survive losing up to 25% of their body weight through dehydration.
• If humans raise an ostrich, at maturity the ostrich will try to impress humans for mating! 

Lifespan:

In the wild, ostriches live 30 to 40 years. But in captivity, ostriches have been known to live until their 70.

Threats:

Ostriches have several natural predators, including cheetahs, lions, leopards, hunting dogs and spotted hyenas. Other predators, like Egyptian vultures and jackals, may take ostrich eggs. When an ostrich senses danger and cannot run away from the threat, it will flop to the ground and remain still with its head and neck flat on the ground, so it blends in with the ground. When an adult ostrich is threatened, it attacks with a ​clawed foot that delivers a kick powerful enough to kill a lion.

Humans pose other major threats to ostrich populations and their habitats. As human populations grow and expand, ostriches are losing their habitat. Ostrich feathers have long been popular in fashion. In the 18th century, ostrich feathers were so popular in fashion, particularly in the hat industry, ostrich populations declined. Ostrich farming helped the population recover and still continues on a smaller scale. Ostriches are farmed and hunted for feathers, skin, meat, eggs, and fat.

Conservation Status:

The common ostrich is listed as “Least Concern” according to the IUCN’s Red List. Meanwhile, the Somali ostrich is listed as “Vulnerable.”

Indian grey hornbill

 Indian Subcontinent is home of number of beautiful birds, some of the birds are considered under the birds of paradise family and ranked among the most beautiful creatures on earth such as Himalayan monal and Asian Paradise Flycatcher. After a good research, here is the list of India’s long tail birds.

Are you a bird lover and in search of a magnificent bird, like the tawny eagle and red kite? We have a perfect bird for you, the Indian grey hornbill (Ocyceros birostris).

last weekend when i was walking on roof , i have seen a bird on nearby pepal tree , a rare type of bird which have long beak and longer tail than usual bird . I have terrace garden at my home so occasionally in morning an d evening time i can see parrot , pigeon and other native species. But the bird which i have seen that day was unique for me.

So i have to search on google for bird who have longer beak and tail, specially which can be seen in Rajasthan area.  google show me some long list of approx. fifteen  number of bird like: 

1. Asian Paradise Flycatcher

2. Greater Racket-Tailed Drongo

3. Yellow-Billed Blue Magpie

4.White-Bellied Treepie

5.Long-Tailed Parakeet

6. Pheasant-Tailed Jacana

7. White-rumped shama

8. Long-Tailed Sibia

9. Long-Tailed Shrike

10. Blue Peafowl

11. Rufous Treepie

12. Black Drongo

13.Greater Coucal

14. Grey Hornbill

Grey Hornbill which exactly similar to bird i have seen last some day ago. 

Grey hornbill is the species of hornbill found on the Indian subcontinent from the foothills of the Himalayas to the Ganges Delta. Indian grey hornbill are medium-sized hornbill with grey body,white belly and dark grey horn.

Indian Grey Hornbill ( Ocyceros birostris) is a fairly common hornbill species found only in the Indian subcontinent. It is a medium-sized hornbill with a brownish-grey body.

IUCN Status: Least Concern.

Diet: They feed on fruits and berries from fig trees, insects, reptiles (snakes, lizards), small birds (mostly fledglings) but on occasion can go after slightly bigger adult birds as well.

Significance: It plays an essential role in the ecosystem as prime dispersers of seeds. It is also one of the few hornbill species found in urban areas in many cities, where they are able to make use of large trees in avenues.

These birds are known to be arboreal, i.e. spend most of their time on tall trees but may descend for food and to collect mud pellets for nesting. 

Threats: They are threatened primarily by habitat loss in the city and the cutting down of large trees, which is important for both food and nesting.

These birds are predominantly found in the Indian subcontinent. These are arboreal birds and spend the majority of their lives in tall trees. The range of these birds can be found in the forests, woodlands, and urban areas of India, Bangladesh, Nepal, and other neighboring countries. These birds are known to travel in pairs during the nesting season. 

Size

These birds have a length of 20 in (50.8 cm). In comparison with pine warbler 5 in (12.7 cm), we can say that the former is almost four times larger.

Speed

The exact speed at which the Indian grey hornbill (Ocyceros birostris) mostly flies is unknown. However, we can make an assumption of it based on the flying speed of the hornbill, which is around 18 mph (29 kph).

Weight

These birds weigh 0.8 lb (375 g).

 These birds of the Bucerotidae family are very common and can be easily spotted feeding on insects under fig trees which are a staple part of their diet. 

communication

These bird species are known to produce a variety of sounds mostly. These birds often make high-pitched calls and squeals in quick succession as probable calls and warnings to fellow birds against predators.

The female birds are known to seal the entrance of the nest with mud pellets and food. The bill of these birds comes in handy during nesting and fighting. 

These birds are primarily grey in color, and their entire body is covered with gray feathers of different shades. The skin around the eyes is different for both adults and juveniles, thereby making them easily identifiable. The adults have red iris, while juveniles have orange eyes. Males are bigger in size and have a larger casque. The Indian grey hornbill bill is usually in a darker shade of yellow while the horn is black. 

These birds also have long tails with pale edges, which helps in a steady flight from one fig tree to another. During the flight, calls are very common for these light gray or dull-colored birds. 

Breeding

The breeding season, as well as the nesting season, is assumed to take place during February to June. Often the breeding pair is helped by additional male helping birds. The nests are usually built on trees where the female bird seals off the entrance of the nest with food, mud pellets, and their own droppings. 2-5 eggs are laid, and the female bird incubates these eggs for around 21 days. The small chicks are known to fledge from the nests at around a span of 45 days.

Specialty of hornbill

The only thing which makes hornbills special and separates them from other birds is their beaks or bills. These birds are known to have a heavy bill that is surrounded by powerful muscles. These hugely powerful and heavy bill proves to be an important tool for nest building in trees and fighting.

Are Indian grey hornbills endangered?

The Indian grey hornbill is listed as a species of Least Concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature or the IUCN Red List. The population has also been stable over the years, thereby making them a common bird in India. However, human activities like habitat destruction by the cutting of trees where nesting is important are known to harm these birds. These bird species are protected in many regions of India. The Forest Development department is responsible for holding awareness campaigns in many areas for the proper protection and conservation of the species.